1.Modal Expressions 2.Conditional (if) 3.Logical Relationships 4.Sentence Linking & Flow 5.Conjunctions & Connectives 6.Purpose & Intent 7.Reason & Cause 8.Temporal Expressions 9.Adjectives 10.Formulations 11.Adverbs 12.Pointing Words 13.Counting 14.Time & Date 15.Numbers 16.Particles 17.Verb Forms 18.Desu Copula