Purpose & Intent
Direct Purpose / For the Sake Of Goal / Indirect Purpose Decision or Determination Attempt or Imminent Action Intention / Plan to do Scheduled Plan or Arrangement
Purpose & Intent
1/6
Direct Purpose / For the Sake Of
tame ni

ために expresses a clear and intentional purpose. It's used with verbs in dictionary form or nouns to show that the second action is done in order to achieve the first.

Think of it as:

  • for the sake of...
  • in order to...

[Purpose] ために、[Intentional Action]

  • Only used when the subject can control the outcome
  • Do not use with verbs like わかる or できる — those use ように
  • Becomes のために when used after a noun

けんこう を たもつ ために、まいにち うんどう します。
Kenkou o tamotsu tame ni, mainichi undou shimasu.
I exercise every day in order to maintain my health.

おかね を ためる ために、アルバイト を して います。
Okane o tameru tame ni, arubaito o shiteimasu.
I’m working part-time to save money.

かぞく の ために、いっしょうけんめい はたらきます。
Kazoku no tame ni, isshoukenmei hatarakimasu.
I work hard for my family.

Purpose & Intent
2/6
Goal / Indirect Purpose
you ni

ように is used when expressing a goal or desired result, especially with actions that are not directly controlled by the subject (like abilities, natural events, or states).

Think of it as:

  • so that...
  • in such a way that...

[Verb (non-past/plain)] ように、[Action/Request]

  • Use for things like “so that it happens” or “so that someone can…”
  • Often used with potential verbs (e.g., wakaru, dekiru)
  • For instructions or hopes: ように します (try to), ように なります (become able to)

わすれない ように、メモ を しました。
Wasurenai you ni, memo o shimashita.
I wrote a note so I won’t forget.

日本語 が はなせる ように、まいにち れんしゅう して います。
Nihongo ga hanaseru you ni, mainichi renshuu shiteimasu.
I practice every day so that I can speak Japanese.

かぜ を ひかない ように、て を あらいましょう。
Kaze o hikanai you ni, te o araimashou.
Let’s wash our hands so we don’t catch a cold.

Purpose & Intent
3/6
Decision or Determination
koto ni

koto ni suru expresses a personal decision or determination.
koto ni shite iru means that the speaker has made a habit of something.

Think of it as:

  • to decide to...
  • to make a habit of...

[Verb (plain)] ことにする/ことにしている

  • Use ことにする for one-time decisions
  • Use ことにしている for ongoing routines or policies
  • Can be used in polite expressions by adding 〜ことにしました

コーヒー を のまない ことにしました
Koohii o nomanai koto ni shimashita.
I decided not to drink coffee.

まいにち さんぽ する ことにして います
Mainichi sanpo suru koto ni shiteimasu.
I’ve made it a habit to go for a walk every day.

テレビ を みない ことにして います
Terebi o minai koto ni shiteimasu.
I make a point not to watch TV.

Purpose & Intent
4/6
Attempt or Imminent Action
you to suru

ようとする expresses that someone is trying to do something or is just about to. Often used for short-term efforts or immediate actions.

[Verb (volitional)] ようとする/ようとしています

  • Use when something is about to happen
  • Often used with moments that were interrupted or didn't succeed

でかけようとしています
Dekakeyou to shiteimasu.
I'm about to go out (right now).

彼 は 何か 言おうとした
Kare wa nanika iou to shita.
He tried to say something.

Purpose & Intent
5/6
Intention / Plan to do
tsumori

つもり shows a firm personal intention to do (or not do) something. Used with verbs in their plain form.

[Verb (plain)] つもりです/つもりでした

  • Use つもりでした for intentions that didn’t happen
  • Indicates mental commitment, but not formal scheduling

日本 に 行く つもりです
Nihon ni iku tsumori desu.
I plan to go to Japan.

コーヒー を のまない つもりでした
Koohii o nomanai tsumori deshita.
I was planning not to drink coffee.

Purpose & Intent
6/6
Scheduled Plan or Arrangement
yotei

予定 expresses a scheduled event or formal plan. It's more objective than つもり and often used for official arrangements.

[Verb (dictionary form)] 予定です
[Noun + の] 予定です

  • Used for things already planned or arranged
  • Sounds more official or external than つもり

来週、かいぎ が ある 予定です
Raishuu, kaigi ga aru yotei desu.
There’s a meeting scheduled for next week.

来月 日本 に 行く 予定です
Raigetsu Nihon ni iku yotei desu.
I'm scheduled to go to Japan next month.